In February and March 2016 six Russian athletes were found to have used drugs banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). All athletes discovered drug meldonium.
Positive samples handed tennis player, winner of all tournaments, “Grand Slam,” Sharapova; figure skater, Olympic champion in the team competition, European champion Ekaterina Bobrova; Olympic champion and winner of the World Cup short-track Semen Yelistratov; skater, two-time world champion in the sprint all-round, three-time world champion in the individual distances Pavel Pavel Kulizhnikov; doigrovschik volleyball “Dynamo” and the national team of Russia Alexander Markin; road racing cyclist, who plays for the “Katyusha”, Eduard Vorganov.
No. On meldonium also caught Ukrainian biathletes Olga Abramova and Artem Tishchenko, runners from Sweden and Ethiopia Abeba Aregawi and Endeshou Nguesso and just six wrestlers from Georgia, though none of them are going to the Olympic Games in Brazil.
Meldonium consumed a large number of athletes not only from Russia but also from the former Soviet republics, and even Western Europe. On the illegality of meldonium athletes became known on January 1, under the supervision he was in the spring of 2015, and a possible ban began notified in September. That is the likely consequences of the athletes and the doctors became known for a long time, and positive doping test was not unexpected. A geography of the drug due to its Soviet origin.
The drug developed Latvian scientists in the 1970s at the Institute of Organic Synthesis, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR. In the mid-80s meldonium has been clinically tested and has received permission to use medical.
According to the description meldonium the manufacturer’s website, the drug protects cells from damage in patients with angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, disorders of cerebral circulation. It is effective in conditions of low oxygen in the blood. It improves exercise tolerance, and intellectual function in the case of ischemia in healthy people. That is meldonium normalizes metabolism after severe overload.
Meldonium known as mildrokard, mildronat, kardionat, midolat and THP. In December 2014, Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree №2782-p in which meldonium refers to the list of vital and essential drugs in the category of “Drugs for treatment of heart disease.”
On January 1, 2016 meldonium included in the list of banned drugs by WADA, hitting into the category of modulators of metabolism. However meldonium this category includes, for example, insulin.
The WADA Code states that banned drugs are of three kinds: the masking of doping, carrying a threat to athlete health and medicines, with a scientifically proven effect on athletic performance.
A possible reason for the WADA drug interested, was the presentation as a means meldonium manufacturers, helps the body withstand the load, use oxygen efficiently and quickly restore the reserves before the next load. WADA took meldonium under surveillance in spring 2015, examined the results of the athletes who use the drug, and banned it.
Obviously, WADA found a correlation drug use and performance of athletes, but not published research data. This inventor mildronata Professor Ivar Kalvins does not believe that the drug has an effect on the results.
“Mildronat – not a drug and does not improve the results. Athletes have the same rights as other people. They have the right to use products that protect their health. In addition, there is no evidence that meldonium makes them stronger. This amounts to a ban on meat with a high content of carnitine, “- said Professor Kalvins.
Moreover, competitors may impair the results of the use of the drug: meldonium inhibits the oxidation of fatty acids, which means a reduction of energy of an athlete – he just gets tired quickly, taking meldonium.
“He slows down the work of the heart muscle, preventing the appearance of scars on it. In using the drug, you are not required to disperse the heart rhythm, so that it is properly implemented a working muscles with oxygen, which means that the results will be worse “- wrote in a column on Eurosport.ru Yevgeny Borisov.
If you dismiss the conspiracy theory, there is only one version of the ban of the drug. Meldonium made only in the territory of Latvia and is sold exclusively in the Baltic countries and Russia. The drug is not approved by FDA Office of the Food and Drug Administration and the US is not registered in other European countries. WADA simply suspected drug distributed on a separate territory and found in the blood of many successful athletes: in 2015, the year meldonium detected in 17% of samples of Russian athletes, and only 2% of athletes from other countries. There are no published studies to support both positive and negative effects on athletic performance meldonium.
With Maria Sharapova has suspended cooperation Nike and Porsche, and Tag Heuer does not renew the contract. Financial losses tennis player can achieve 130 million euros, and disqualification threatens range from two to four years. Sharapova received a notification (reported five letters) to ban from September 2015, when WADA notifies meldonium on making the list of banned drugs.
Pavel Pavel Kulizhnikov already been disqualified for the use of doping agents, so the possible disqualification threatens to become a lifetime.
Ekaterina Bobrova definitely miss the World Figure Skating Championships. The term of a possible disqualification unknown.
Alexander Markin definitely miss the Olympic Games in Rio.
Eduard Vorganov suspended from all competitions until the final decision. “Katyusha” may be disqualified for a period of 15 to 45 days.
The drug may in some cases be replaced with carnitine, having similar effects on the body. Creator meldonium Ivar Kalvins called the ban a result of his invention competitors lobbying.
Vitaly Mutko told Tass that is worth waiting for multiple instances of detection meldonium the Russian athletes: “Apparently, we are waiting for some kind of turmoil on the drug. Not all have learned. After the holidays still collect federation. I do not advertise, but such cases are still the delight of our friends. This is not a system. People who are engaged in it, understood all the responsibility, “- said Mutko.
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Meldonium Creator: “The drug was banned under pressure from competitors”
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